Wednesday, March 18, 2020
Simple French Conjugations for Punir (to Punish)
Simple French Conjugations for Punir (to Punish) The word punir is French for to punish. In order to use this verb to mean the past tense punished or the present tense punishing, youll need to know how to conjugate it. Luckily, punir is a relatively easy one because its a regular verb. A quick lesson will introduce you to the essential forms of punir youll need for French conversations. The Basic Conjugations of Punir French verb conjugations do require some work. You need to memorize it in the various tenses and theres a new form for every subject pronoun within each tense. That means you have a lot of words to study. However, because punir is a regular -ir verb, you can apply what you already know for similar verbs to this one. The first step is to identify the verb stem, which is pun-. From there, you will add the ending that corresponds to the subject pronoun and either the present, future, or imperfect past tense. For instance, I am punishing is je punis and we will punish is nous punirons. Present Future Imperfect je punis punirai punissais tu punis puniras punissais il punit punira punissait nous punissons punirons punissions vous punissez punirez punissiez ils punissent puniront punissaient The Present Participle of Punir The present participle of punir is punissant. This is a verb, though there may be some instances where youll also find it helpful as an adjective or noun. Punir in the Compound Past Tense The past tense can be expressed with the imperfect or the passà © composà ©. This is a compound, so you that requires the past participle puni. To begin, conjugate the auxiliary verb avoir into the appropriate present tense for the subject. This results in phrases such as jai puni for I punished and nous avons puni for we punished. More Simple Conjugations of Punir At times, you may need a few more conjugations for punir. The subjunctive, for instance, questions whether the punishment will happen. In a similar fashion, the conditional implies that its an if...then situation. The passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are typically reserved for written French, but they are good to know as well. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je punisse punirais punis punisse tu punisses punirais punis punisses il punisse punirait punit punt nous punissions punirions punmes punissions vous punissiez puniriez puntes punissiez ils punissent puniraient punirent punissent A useful verb mood for a word like punir, the French imperative is used when you want to be assertive and very direct. In this case, its acceptable to skip the subject pronoun, so tu punis becomes punis. Imperative (tu) punis (nous) punissons (vous) punissez
Monday, March 2, 2020
Rescale Test Scores by Using Sten Scores
Rescale Test Scores by Using Sten Scores Many times in order to make easy comparisons between individuals, test scores are rescaled. One such rescaling is to a ten point system. The result is called sten scores. The word sten is formed by abbreviating the name standard ten. Details of Sten Scores A sten scoring system uses a ten point scale with a normal distribution. This standardized scoring system has a midpoint of 5.5. The sten scoring system is normally distributed and then divided into ten parts by letting 0.5 standard deviations correspond to each point of the scale. Our sten scores are bounded by the following numbers: -2, -1.5, -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0 Each of these numbers can be thought of as z-scores in the standard normal distribution. The remaining tails of the distribution correspond to the first and tenth sten scores. So less than -2 corresponds to a score of 1, and greater than 2 corresponds to a score of ten. The following list relates sten scores, standard normal score (or z-score), and the corresponding percent of ranking: Sten scores of 1 have z-scores less than -2 and consist of the first 2.3% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 2 have z-scores greater than -2 and less than -1.5 and consist of the next 4.4% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 3 have z-scores greater than -1.5 and less than -1 and consist of the next 9.2% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 4 have z-scores greater than -1 and less than -0.5 and consist of the next 15% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 5 have z-scores greater than -0.5 and less than 0 and consist of the middle 19.2% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 6 have z-scores greater than 0 and less than 0.5 and consist of the next 19.2% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 7 have z-scores greater than 0.5 and less than 1 and consist of the next 15% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 8 have z-scores greater than 1 and less than 1.5 and consist of the next 9.2% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 9 have z-scores greater than 1.5 and less than 2 and consist of the next 4.4% of ranked scores.Sten scores of 10 have z-scores greater than 2 and consist of the last 2.3% of ranked scores. Uses of Sten Scores The sten scoring system is used in some psychometric settings. The use of only ten scores minimizes small differences between various raw scores. For example, everyone with a raw score in the first 2.3% of all scores would be converted into a sten score of 1. This would make the differences among these individuals indistinguishable on the sten score scale. Generalization of Sten Scores There is no reason that we must always use a ten point scale. There may be situations in which we would want to have use of more or fewer divisions in our scale. For example, we could: use a five-point scale, and refer to stafive scores.use a six-point scale, and refer to stasix scores.use a nine-point scale, and refer to stanine scores. Since nine and five are odd, there is a midpoint score in each of these systems, unlike the sten scoring system.
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